---
title: "Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: cost-effectiveness analyses and utility weights"
description: "Published cost-effectiveness analyses and health-state utility weights for Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation, each value quoted from the article: 12 cost-effectiveness analyses and 8 studies reporting utility weights. Analyses: Inclusion of cytisine versus current practice in national smoking cessation services, England and the Netherlands: Anraad et al. (2018); Cytisine plus behavioural support versus placebo plus behavioural support in people with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis who smoke, Bangladesh and Pakistan: Li et al. (2022); Varenicline versus bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in adult smokers, United States: Howard et al. (2008); Extended 12 plus 12 week varenicline versus 12 week varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in smokers, United States: Knight et al. (2010); 8 further articles. Utility weights: Utility weights for current and former smokers by sex and age, tobacco smoking: Thao et al. (2019); Utility weights for smoking-related diseases in adult smokers, United States: Howard et al. (2008); Utility weights by sex and age without smoking-related disease and for smoking-related diseases, smokers, Canada: von Wartburg et al. (2014); Utility weights for current smokers, former smokers, and smoking-related diseases, tobacco smoking: Guerriero et al. (2013); 4 further articles. Every value is a verbatim quote from the primary article it is shown with."
canonical: "https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/cost-effectiveness-analyses"
published: "2026-10-22T07:49:06-04:00"
modified: "2026-10-22T07:49:06-04:00"
---
# Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: cost-effectiveness analyses and utility weights
Published cost-effectiveness analyses and health-state utility weights that a model of this product could cite, adapt, or compare against, grouped by how each article relates to the product and its indication. Every value is quoted from the article it cites, and section 3 lists the searches that found the articles.
## Overview
| Item | Detail |
| --- | --- |
| Literature searched | Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, searched October 21, 2026; the queries are listed in section 3. |
| Cost-effectiveness analyses | 12 |
| Studies reporting utility weights | 8 |
## 1 Cost-effectiveness analyses
### 1.1 Analyses of Cytisinicline
#### Inclusion of cytisine versus current practice in national smoking cessation services, England and the Netherlands: Anraad et al. (2018)
Relevance: Evaluates adding cytisine to the national smoking cessation services of England and the Netherlands against current practice from a health care perspective, using the EQUIPTMOD model.
> “The aim of this study was to estimate the cost‐effectiveness from a health‐care perspective of viable national level changes in smoking cessation provision in the Netherlands and England.”
> “A Markov‐based state transition model [European study on Quantifying Utility of Investment in Protection from Tobacco model (EQUIPTMOD)] was used to estimate costs and benefits [expressed in quality‐adjusted life years (QALY)] of changing the current provision of smoking cessation programmes in the Netherlands and England”
> “Various time horizons (2, 5, 10 years and life‐time), discount rates of 3.5% for costs and effects (England) and 4% for costs and 1.5% for effects (Netherlands)”
> “Aim: assume 50% of smokers currently using varenicline (standard duration) will use cytisine instead”
> “The current practice was dominated by all scenarios.”
> “Changes A and C were dominated by changes D, B and E; change B was dominated by D and E; and change D was dominated by E.”
> “However, even with the lower value of RR, one could expect a positive incremental net benefit from the inclusion of cytisine to the current provision of stop smoking services.”
Source: [Anraad et al. (2018)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6033165/)
| Time horizon | Netherlands, QALYs gained per 1000 smokers | Netherlands, incremental net benefit (€ per smoker) | England, QALYs gained per 1000 smokers | England, incremental net benefit (£ per smoker) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| “2 years” | “0.0461” | “9.19” | “0.0824” | “6.51” |
| “5 years” | “0.1218” | “11.78” | “0.2102” | “9.75” |
| “10 years” | “0.2602” | “16.23” | “0.4229” | “14.95” |
| “Life‐time” | “1.1351” | “40.70” | “1.3137” | “35.45” |
Source: [Anraad et al. (2018)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6033165/)
#### Cytisine plus behavioural support versus placebo plus behavioural support in people with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis who smoke, Bangladesh and Pakistan: Li et al. (2022)
Relevance: Evaluates cytisine added to behavioural support against placebo in people with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis who smoke in Bangladesh and Pakistan, alongside an individually randomised controlled trial.
> “An incremental cost-utility analysis was undertaken alongside a 12-month, double-blind, two-arm, individually randomised controlled trial from a public/voluntary healthcare sector perspective with the primary endpoint at 6 months post randomisation.”
> “Adults (aged ≥18 years in Bangladesh and ≥15 years in Pakistan) with pulmonary TB diagnosed within the last 4 weeks who smoked tobacco daily (n=2472).”
> “Participants in the intervention arm (n=1239) were given cytisine (25-day course) while those in the control arm (n=1233) were given placebo.”
> “Mean total costs and mean QALYs were estimated for each arm and no discounting was applied for the 6 months period.”
> “Results of costs were presented in PPP US$ 2018 price.”
> “Mean total costs were PPP US$57.74 (95% CI 49.40 to 83.36) higher in the cytisine arm than in the placebo arm while the mean QALYs were −0.001 (95% CI −0.004 to 0.002) lower over 6 months.”
> “The cytisine arm was dominated by the placebo arm.”
> “The addition of the costs in months 7–12 increased the mean total costs over 12 months to PPP US$408.31 (SE PPP US$10.03) in the cytisine arm and PPP US$341.83 (SE PPP US$6.50) in the placebo arm.”
> “The incremental costs were PPP US$56.72 (95% CI PPP US$46.58 to PPP US$86.00), similar to those over the 6 months post randomisation.”
> “The incremental QALYs were −0.004 (95% CI −0.013 to 0.005).”
> “The cytisine arm remained dominated by the placebo arm, with 77% (4007/5000) of the bootstrapped estimates indicating a less effective, but more costly intervention.”
Source: [Li et al. (2022)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9422837/)
### 1.2 Treatments for the same indication
#### Varenicline versus bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in adult smokers, United States: Howard et al. (2008)
Relevance: Evaluates varenicline, the active comparator in ACTRN12616001654448 and the primary care trial in section 3, against nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and unaided cessation in United States adult smokers using the BENESCO model.
> “A Markov model, the Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes (BENESCO) model, was developed to simulate the lifetime direct costs and consequences of a hypothetical cohort of US adult smokers who make a one-time attempt to quit smoking.”
> “The smoking cessation strategies compared were varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy and unaided quitting.”
> “Costs and benefits were discounted at 3% pa.”
> “Varenicline was found to dominate all other smoking cessation strategies that were investigated for both the 20-year and lifetime timeframe.”
Source: [Howard et al. (2008)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18489200/)
#### Extended 12 plus 12 week varenicline versus 12 week varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in smokers, United States: Knight et al. (2010)
Relevance: Evaluates an extended course of varenicline against bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in the United States, the pharmacotherapies listed in section 2 as current treatment options.
Access: Free full text
Not quoted: The results for nicotine replacement therapy versus bupropion and for unaided cessation versus nicotine replacement therapy are reported in the full text, which the publisher provides as a PDF that this page does not quote.
> “This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of an extended (12+12 weeks) course of varenicline using the (Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes) BENESCO smoking cessation model.”
> “The updated 1-year abstinence estimates derived from the mixed treatment comparison were, for 12+12 weeks of varenicline, 12 weeks of varenicline, 12 weeks of bupropion, and 12 weeks of placebo, respectively: 27.7%, 22.9%, 15.9%, and 9.3%.”
> “The average cost of the course of 12+12 weeks of varenicline was estimated at $603.89, based on a 12-week course followed by a further 12 weeks for successful quitters.”
> “Over all subjects' lifetimes, 12+12 weeks of varenicline is less costly and more effective than (dominates) all other strategies compared in the updated BENESCO model, with the exception of 12 weeks of varenicline.”
> “In this comparison, 12+12 weeks of varenicline is a very cost-effective alternative to the 12-week course, with an incremental cost of less than $1000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained.”
Source: [Knight et al. (2010)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19912599/)
#### Standard 12-week varenicline monotherapy versus enhanced varenicline treatment in adults who smoke, United States: Mundt et al. (2024)
Relevance: Evaluates standard varenicline monotherapy against extended and combination varenicline treatment alongside the QUITS trial in the United States from a health care system perspective; varenicline plus behavioral support is a comparator in the ICER analysis in section 4.2.1.
> “This study is an economic evaluation alongside the QUITS randomized clinical trial.”
> “The analysis was conducted from a health care system perspective based on QUITS costs and effectiveness over a 12-month follow-up.”
> “All costs were reported in 2021 dollars.”
> “The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), or cost per additional person who quit smoking, was calculated using decision tree analysis based on abstinence and cost for each arm of the trial.”
> “The total mean (SD) cost was $1175 ($365) for 12-week monotherapy, $1374 ($412) for 12-week combination therapy, $2022 ($813) for 24-week monotherapy, and $2118 ($1058) for 24-week combination therapy.”
> “The ICER for 12-week varenicline monotherapy was $4681 per individual who quit smoking and $4579 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) added.”
> “This study suggests that standard 12-week varenicline monotherapy is the most cost-effective treatment option for smoking cessation at the commonly cited threshold of $100 000/QALY.”
Source: [Mundt et al. (2024)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11059041/)
#### Nicotine replacement therapy sampling versus standard care in smokers in primary care, United States: Chen et al. (2022)
Relevance: Evaluates nicotine replacement therapy sampling in primary care against standard care from a United States health care payer perspective; nicotine replacement therapy is the comparator in ACTRN12610000590066 and other trials in section 3.
> “A Markov cohort simulation model was constructed to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses.”
> “The study was conducted over a lifetime horizon, from the payers’ budgetary perspective.”
> “All costs and outcomes were discounted at 3% per year.”
> “Costs were denominated in 2019 US Dollars.”
> “Medication sampling was the dominant strategy compared to standard care.”
> “Our intervention cost $75, yielding a discounted lifetime savings of $1065 in healthcare expenditures, and increased both discounted quality-adjusted life years and discounted life years by 0.01.”
> “Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed that medication sampling was dominant in 94.1% of the simulated cases”
Source: [Chen et al. (2022)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9585132/)
#### E-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy, both with counseling, in Medicaid smokers, California: Chen and Fishman (2025)
Relevance: Evaluates e-cigarettes against nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation among Medicaid users in California; section 2 lists both as cessation approaches.
> “A cost-effectiveness analysis from a U.S. societal perspective comparing e-cigarettes with NRT was constructed.”
> “Using a lifetime horizon, smokers were followed to different health states to their expected lifespan.”
> “Costs were expressed in 2020 U.S. dollars and health outcomes in quality-adjusted life years (QALY).”
> “All costs and outcomes were discounted at a 3% annual rate and model findings were assessed with a series of sensitivity analyses.”
> “Using U.S. willingness-to-pay thresholds, e-cigarettes were more cost-effective than NRT, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $11 454 per additional QALY gained over smokers' lifetimes.”
> “Results were sensitive to smokers' healthcare costs, model start ages, discount rates, and QALY weights.”
Source: [Chen and Fishman (2025)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39271186/)
#### Varenicline versus bupropion, nortriptyline, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in smokers, the Netherlands: Hoogendoorn et al. (2008)
Relevance: Evaluates varenicline against bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, nortriptyline, and unaided cessation in the Netherlands, covering the comparators of the nortriptyline and varenicline trials in section 3.
Access: Not open access
Not quoted: The results for bupropion, nortriptyline, and nicotine replacement therapy versus unaided cessation are reported in the full text, which is closed access.
> “The BENESCO-model was used to estimate the long-term health and economic benefits of smoking cessation for a cohort of smokers making a one-time quit attempt.”
> “The time horizon was lifetime.”
> “Future costs were discounted at 4%, health outcomes at 1.5%.”
> “The cost of varenicline per additional quitter ranged from 1030 Euro compared with NRT to 4270 Euro compared with nortriptyline.”
> “When including the savings due to the reduction in incidence of smoking-related diseases, varenicline generated net savings compared with bupropion and NRT.”
> “Compared with nortriptyline and unaided cessation, varenicline was estimated to cost 1650 Euro/QALY and 320 Euro/QALY gained, respectively.”
> “At a willingness-to-pay as low as 5000/QALY gained, the probability that varenicline was cost-effective was more than 80% compared to bupropion, NRT, and unaided cessation and about 60% compared to nortriptyline.”
Source: [Hoogendoorn et al. (2008)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18021492/)
#### Standard and extended varenicline versus bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in smokers, Canada: von Wartburg et al. (2014)
Relevance: Evaluates standard and extended courses of varenicline against bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, and unaided cessation in Canada.
Access: Not open access
> “This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of varenicline compared with other smoking cessation interventions in Canada using the Benefits of Smoking Cessation on Outcomes (BENESCO) model.”
> “Efficacy rates of the standard course (12 weeks) varenicline, extended course (12 + 12 weeks) varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy and unaided intervention were derived based on a published mixed treatment comparison methodology and analysed within a Markov cohort model to estimate their cost-effectiveness over the lifetime cycle.”
> “Study cohort, smoking rates and prevalence, incidence and mortality of smoking-related diseases were calibrated to represent the Canadian population.”
> “Over the subjects' lifetime, both the standard and the extended course of varenicline are shown to dominate (e.g. less costly and more effective) all other alternative smoking cessation interventions considered.”
> “Compared with the standard varenicline treatment course, the extended course is highly cost-effective with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) less than $4000 per quality-adjusted life year.”
> “Including indirect cost and benefits of smoking cessation interventions further strengthens the result with the extended course of varenicline dominating all other alternatives considered.”
Source: [von Wartburg et al. (2014)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24472120/)
#### Varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy with expert or pharmacist behavioral support in adult smokers, South Korea: Park et al. (2022)
Relevance: Evaluates varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy, each with expert or pharmacist behavioral support, in adult smokers in South Korea using the BENESCO model.
> “We used the BENESCO model to estimate the cost and utility of the SCIs with behavioral support, including pharmacist counseling with nicotine replacement therapy (pharmacist+NRT), expert counseling with NRT (expert+NRT), and expert counseling with varenicline (expert+varenicline).”
> “The target population was adult smokers who wanted to cease smoking within 1 month.”
> “Medical costs and utilities were calculated using claims and national survey data, respectively.”
> “Cost-effectiveness was evaluated within the threshold (17 926 USD per quality-adjusted life years [QALYs]) by incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).”
> “The pharmacist+NRT group had 32 842 more QALYs gained and 26 689 958 USD less expended than the expert+NRT group.”
> “The ICER for the expert+varenicline group versus the pharmacist+NRT and expert+NRT groups was 27 247 and 4074 USD per QALY, respectively.”
> “The robustness of the results was confirmed by sensitivity analyses, except for the discount rate and cost of the expert+varenicline group.”
Source: [Park et al. (2022)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35862219/)
### 1.3 The same disease in other populations or settings
#### Varenicline, pharmacotherapy with intensive counseling, and monetary incentives versus brief counseling alone in smokers with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, United States: Wechsler et al. (2023)
Relevance: Evaluates varenicline and pharmacotherapy with intensive counseling against brief counseling in smokers with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in the United States.
> “We constructed a decision tree and used Markov models that aimed to assess the cost effectiveness of varenicline, any pharmacotherapy with intensive counseling, and monetary incentives, compared to brief counseling alone in the secondary stroke prevention setting.”
> “The outcomes were recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death using a lifetime horizon.”
> “We constructed our model from the payer and societal perspectives”
> “All costs were adjusted for inflation to 2021 US dollars using the Consumer Price Index.”
> “All costs and QALYs were discounted at 3% per year in the Markov model.”
> “From the payer perspective, varenicline and pharmacotherapy with intensive counseling were associated with more QALYs (0.67 and 1.00, respectively) at less total lifetime costs compared to brief counseling alone.”
> “From the payer perspective, the ICER for varenicline was -$133/QALY, -$1,496/QALY for pharmacotherapy with intensive counseling, and $168/QALY for monetary incentives”
> “Monetary incentives were associated with 0.71 more QALYs at an additional cost of $120 compared to brief counseling alone, yielding an ICER of $168/QALY.”
> “From the societal perspective, all three interventions were the dominant strategy; the ICER for varenicline was -$20,809/QALY, -$20,615/QALY for pharmacotherapy with intensive counseling, and -$20,233/QALY for monetary incentives”
> “Varenicline was cost-effective in 89.7% of runs at a WTP threshold of $100,000/QALY.”
Source: [Wechsler et al. (2023)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10050136/)
#### Smoking cessation counseling formats with pharmacotherapy versus lung cancer screening alone in screen-eligible smokers, United States: Cadham et al. (2021)
Relevance: Evaluates counseling formats combined with cessation pharmacotherapy for smokers undergoing lung cancer screening in the United States.
> “We conducted a societal-perspective cost-effectiveness analysis using a Cancer Intervention and Surveillance Modeling Network model simulating individuals born in 1960 over their lifetimes.”
> “We modeled annual lung cancer screening following 2014 US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines plus cessation interventions offered to current smokers at first screen, including pharmacotherapy only or pharmacotherapy with electronic and/or web-based, telephone, individual, or group counseling.”
> “Costs and effects were discounted by 3% annually.”
> “We included the 2019 costs of cessation interventions, screening and follow-up, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer”
> “When screening plus cessation is compared with screening alone, the added costs for each of the 5 cessation interventions ranged from $555 to $5258 per QALY”
> “Compared incrementally with each other, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of web-based cessation, telephone counseling, or individual counseling were $555, $7562, and $35 531 per QALY, respectively.”
> “Pharmacotherapy alone and group counseling plus pharmacotherapy had higher costs and lower effectiveness and, thus, were dominated”
> “Incremental costs and QALYs for screening plus pharmacotherapy vs screening plus electronic/web plus pharmacotherapy are $202 717 and -160, respectively.”
> “Incremental costs and QALYS for screening plus group counseling plus pharmacotherapy vs screening plus phone counseling plus pharmacotherapy are $3 158 425 and -42, respectively.”
Source: [Cadham et al. (2021)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8502465/)
### 1.4 Related diseases and analogous treatments
No evidence found.
## 2 Utility weights
### 2.1 Utility weights from analyses of Cytisinicline
No evidence found.
### 2.2 Utility weights for the same indication
No evidence found.
### 2.3 Utility weights for the same disease in other populations or settings
#### Utility weights for current and former smokers by sex and age, tobacco smoking: Thao et al. (2019)
Relevance: Utilities for current and former smokers by sex and age group, taken from published estimates and applied in a simulation model.
> “In the simulation model, QoL for current and former smokers was taken from previously published age‐ and gender‐specific estimates and applied to our cohort, as we did not follow our cohort during their life‐time”
Source: [Thao et al. (2019)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6899559/)
| Health state | Age group | Utility |
| --- | --- | --- |
| “Current smoker: male” | “16–24” | “0.9211” |
| “Current smoker: male” | “25–34” | “0.9166” |
| “Current smoker: male” | “35–54” | “0.8899” |
| “Current smoker: male” | “45–54” | “0.8422” |
| “Current smoker: male” | “55–64” | “0.7815” |
| “Current smoker: male” | “65–74” | “0.7575” |
| “Current smoker: male” | “75–100” | “0.7112” |
| “Former smoker: male” | “16–24” | “0.9342” |
| “Former smoker: male” | “25–34” | “0.9306” |
| “Former smoker: male” | “35–54” | “0.9058” |
| “Former smoker: male” | “45–54” | “0.8596” |
| “Former smoker: male” | “55–64” | “0.8020” |
| “Former smoker: male” | “65–74” | “0.7802” |
| “Former smoker: male” | “75–100” | “0.7358” |
| “Current smoker: Female” | “16–24” | “0.8952” |
| “Current smoker: Female” | “25–34” | “0.8835” |
| “Current smoker: Female” | “35–54” | “0.8716” |
| “Current smoker: Female” | “45–54” | “0.8317” |
| “Current smoker: Female” | “55–64” | “0.7648” |
| “Current smoker: Female” | “65–74” | “0.7520” |
| “Current smoker: Female” | “75–100” | “0.6778” |
| “Former smoker: female” | “16–24” | “0.9084” |
| “Former smoker: female” | “25–34” | “0.8988” |
| “Former smoker: female” | “35–54” | “0.8872” |
| “Former smoker: female” | “45–54” | “0.8479” |
| “Former smoker: female” | “55–64” | “0.7827” |
| “Former smoker: female” | “65–74” | “0.7709” |
| “Former smoker: female” | “75–100” | “0.6978” |
Source: [Thao et al. (2019)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6899559/)
#### Utility weights for smoking-related diseases in adult smokers, United States: Howard et al. (2008)
Relevance: Utilities for smoking-related disease states (coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma exacerbation) used in the BENESCO model for United States smokers.
Access: Not open access
Not quoted: The utility weights are reported in the full text, which is closed access.
> “The costs (year 2005 values) and utilities for the included smoking-related diseases (lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease [COPD], coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke and asthma exacerbations), and the efficacies of the smoking cessation strategies, were sourced from the published literature.”
Source: [Howard et al. (2008)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18489200/)
#### Utility weights by sex and age without smoking-related disease and for smoking-related diseases, smokers, Canada: von Wartburg et al. (2014)
Relevance: Utilities for adults without smoking-related disease by sex and age group and for smoking-related disease events, from a BENESCO model of smokers in Canada.
Access: Not open access
Not quoted: The utility weights are reported in the full text, which this page does not quote.
> “Study cohort, smoking rates and prevalence, incidence and mortality of smoking-related diseases were calibrated to represent the Canadian population.”
Source: [von Wartburg et al. (2014)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24472120/)
#### Utility weights for current smokers, former smokers, and smoking-related diseases, tobacco smoking: Guerriero et al. (2013)
Relevance: Utilities for smokers, former smokers, and smoking-related diseases, including lung cancer, stroke, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
> “Lacking these data, simple averages of the available values for each of the diseases are used as in previous evaluations”
> “The values used for each disease are: 0.58 for lung cancer, 0.48 for stroke, 0.80 for CHD and MI”
> “and 0.73 for COPD (an average of the different values for COPD severity estimated by Rutten-van Molken et al.”
> “Finally, different values are assigned to smokers (0.75) and former smokers (0.78) as reported in the UK study conducted by Tillman and Silcock”
Source: [Guerriero et al. (2013)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3751449/)
| Health state | Utility |
| --- | --- |
| “Smoker” | “0.76 (SD: 0.12)” |
| “Former smoker” | “0.78 (SD: 0.12)” |
| “Stroke” | “0.58 (SD: 0.12)” |
| “CHD” | “0.48 (SD: 0.12)” |
| “Lung cancer” | “0.80 (SD: 0.12)” |
| “MI” | “0.80 (SD: 0.12)” |
| “COPD” | “0.73 (SD: 0.12)” |
Source: [Guerriero et al. (2013)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3751449/)
#### Utility weights for smokers and for never-smokers or long-term quitters by sex and age, tobacco smoking: Kaper et al. (2006)
Relevance: Utilities for smokers and for never-smokers or long-term quitters by sex and age group.
Access: Not open access
Not quoted: The utility weights are reported in the full text, which is closed access.
> “The QALYs gained from quitting were calculated until 80 years of age using data from the US.”
> “Benefits were discounted at 4% per annum.”
Source: [Kaper et al. (2006)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16706571/)
#### Utility weights for smokers and former smokers with no comorbidities, tobacco smoking: Cobos-Campos et al. (2021)
Relevance: Utilities for smokers and former smokers without comorbidities.
> “Further, the data on the quality of life of smokers and former smokers with no comorbidities were obtained from a study by Tillmann et al. conducted in 1997”
Source: [Cobos-Campos et al. (2021)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7885425/)
| Health state | Utility |
| --- | --- |
| “Smoker with no comorbidities” | “0.75” |
| “Former smoker with no comorbidities” | “0.78” |
Source: [Cobos-Campos et al. (2021)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7885425/)
#### Utility weights for smokers and ex-smokers, tobacco smoking: Bauld et al. (2011)
Relevance: Utilities for smokers and ex-smokers, from a lifetime Markov model of the outcomes of smoking cessation.
Access: Not open access
Not quoted: The utility weights are reported in the full text, which is closed access.
> “The annual cost-effectiveness model established the incremental cost per 52-week quitter, while a Markov model was developed for the lifetime analysis to estimate the potential lifetime outcomes in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained, to account for the benefits quitters will receive in terms of extended life years and improvements in quality of life from smoking cessation.”
Source: [Bauld et al. (2011)](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21196451/)
#### Utility weights and disutilities for smoking status, serious mental illness, and smoking-related diseases, tobacco smoking: Mattock et al. (2023)
Relevance: Disutilities for current and former smoking status and for serious mental illness, and utilities for smoking-related diseases, from a model of smoking in people with serious mental illness.
> “Healthcare costs and health-related quality of life reductions (disutility) are applied based on the prevalence of several smoking related comorbidities, estimated separately for former and current smokers and by age and gender.”
> “Health-related quality of life for people with SMI was identified from an observational study which used a regression model to estimated mean reduction in SF-6D scores over 12 months versus the general population.”
Source: [Mattock et al. (2023)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9925867/)
| Health state | Utility |
| --- | --- |
| “Base utility for non-smokers” | “0.88” |
| “Current smoker” | “−0.04” |
| “Former smoker” | “−0.02” |
| “Serious mental illness” | “−0.125” |
| “Asthma” | “0.73” |
| “COPD” | “0.73” |
| “Coronary heart disease” | “0.76” |
| “Lung cancer” | “0.61” |
| “Myocardial infarction” | “0.80” |
| “Stroke” | “0.48” |
Source: [Mattock et al. (2023)](https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9925867/)
### 2.4 Utility weights for related diseases and analogous treatments
No evidence found.
## 3 Search strategy
| Dataset | Query | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ratios | cytisine OR cytisinicline OR Tabex | 11 |
| Methods | cytisine OR cytisinicline OR Tabex | 2 |
| Weights | cytisine OR cytisinicline | 0 |
| Ratios | varenicline OR Chantix OR Champix | 133 |
| Ratios | "nicotine replacement" OR "nicotine patch" OR "nicotine gum" OR bupropion | 267 |
| Weights | "former smoker" OR "current smoker" OR "quitter" OR "ex-smoker" OR "smoking cessation" | 539 |
| Ratios | "smoking cessation" OR "tobacco cessation" | 3906 |
## Related pages
- [Cytisinicline: Smoking cessation](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation.md)
- [Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: Terms and abbreviations](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/terms-and-abbreviations) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/terms-and-abbreviations.md)
- [Cytisinicline: Smoking cessation](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/executive-summary) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/executive-summary.md)
- [Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: Product information and disease description](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/product-information-and-disease-description) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/product-information-and-disease-description.md)
- [Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: Clinical evidence](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/clinical-evidence) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/clinical-evidence.md)
- [Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: Economic information and modeling report](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/economics) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/economics.md)
- [Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: References](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/references) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/references.md)
- [Cytisinicline in Smoking cessation: prevalence by geography](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/prevalence) · [Markdown](https://www.evicenter.com/drugs/cytisinicline--smoking-cessation/prevalence.md)