Section 1 of 6
Terms and abbreviations
1 evidence topic · 0 sources
| Abbreviation | Term |
|---|---|
| A2A | Adenosine A2A receptor |
| A2ARA | Adenosine A2A receptor antagonist |
| AAN | American Academy of Neurology |
| AD | Alzheimer disease |
| ADL | Activities of daily living |
| AE | Adverse event |
| AHFS | American Hospital Formulary Service |
| ALS | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| AOR | Adjusted odds ratio |
| aOR | Adjusted odds ratio |
| APD | Advanced Parkinson's disease |
| APL | Apomorphine sublingual film |
| ATME | Adequate treatment-month equivalents |
| AUC | Area under the concentration-time curve |
| AUC24 | Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hours |
| AUClast | Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration |
| AUCtau | Area under the plasma concentration-time curve over the dosing interval |
| AUCτ (AUCtau) | Area under the concentration-time curve over the dosing interval |
| BCRP | Breast cancer resistance protein |
| BDI-II | Beck Depression Inventory-II |
| BE | Bioequivalence |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| C-SSRS | Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale |
| CADTH | Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health |
| CDR | CADTH Common Drug Review |
| CE | Cost-effectiveness |
| CEM | Cost-effectiveness model |
| CGI-I | Clinical Global Impression of Improvement |
| CGI-S | Clinical Global Impression of Severity of Illness |
| CI | Confidence interval |
| CKD-EPI | Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration |
| CLES | Carbidopa-levodopa enteral suspension |
| Cmax | Maximum plasma concentration |
| CMS | Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| COMT | Catechol-O-methyltransferase |
| COMT-I | Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor |
| COMT-i | Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor |
| COMTI | Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor |
| CONSORT | Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials |
| CR | Controlled release |
| CrI | Credible interval |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| CVT-301 | Inhaled levodopa |
| CYP | Cytochrome P450 |
| CYP3A4 | Cytochrome P450 3A4 |
| CYP450 | Cytochrome P450 |
| D1/D5 | Dopamine D1 and D5 receptors |
| D1R | Dopamine D1 receptor |
| D2/D3 | Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors |
| DA | Dopamine agonist |
| DALY | Disability-adjusted life-year |
| DaTSCAN | Ioflupane I-123 dopamine transporter SPECT imaging agent |
| DAWS | Dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome |
| DBS | Deep brain stimulation |
| DDCI | Dopa decarboxylase inhibitor |
| DOUBLE+ | Strategy of SPECT following positive clinical examination |
| DRA | Dopamine receptor agonist |
| Drd1a | Dopamine D1a receptor gene |
| Drd2 | Dopamine D2 receptor gene |
| DSM | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
| DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition |
| EAP | Expanded access program |
| EC50 | Half-maximal effective concentration |
| ECG | Electrocardiogram |
| ED | Emergency department |
| eGFR | Estimated glomerular filtration rate |
| EMA | European Medicines Agency |
| EMO | Early-morning OFF |
| ENT | Entacapone |
| EPD | Early Parkinson's disease |
| EPSC | Excitatory postsynaptic current |
| EQ-5D | EuroQol 5-dimension questionnaire |
| EQ-5D-5L | EuroQol 5-dimension 5-level questionnaire |
| EQVAS | EuroQol visual analogue scale |
| ER | Extended-release |
| ESS | Epworth Sleepiness Scale |
| EUR | Euro |
| evLY | Equal-value life year |
| EXAM+ | Strategy of clinical examination only |
| FAS | Full analysis set |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FOG | Freezing of gait |
| GABA | Gamma-aminobutyric acid |
| GBA | Glucocerebrosidase gene |
| GBA1 | Glucocerebrosidase 1 gene |
| GDP | Gross domestic product |
| GIRK | G protein-coupled inward rectifier potassium channel |
| GLM | Generalized linear model |
| GOT | Good ON-time |
| GPe | External segment of the globus pallidus |
| GPi | Internal segment of the globus pallidus |
| H&Y | Hoehn and Yahr |
| HAAS | Honolulu Asian Aging Study |
| HBPB | Health-benefit price benchmark |
| hERG | Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (potassium channel) |
| HR | Hazard ratio; heart rate |
| HRQoL | Health-related quality of life |
| HRU | Healthcare resource utilization |
| I2 | I-squared heterogeneity statistic |
| IARC | Interim Analysis Review Committee |
| ICD | Impulse control disorder |
| ICER | Institute for Clinical and Economic Review; incremental cost-effectiveness ratio |
| ICF | Informed consent form |
| IMP | Investigational medicinal product |
| IP | Inpatient |
| IPSC | Inhibitory postsynaptic current |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| IR | Immediate release |
| iRBD | Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder |
| IRR | Incidence rate ratio |
| ITC | Indirect treatment comparison |
| ITT | Intention to treat |
| Ki | Inhibition constant |
| KPNC | Kaiser Permanente Northern California |
| L-DOPA | Levodopa |
| L-Dopa | Levodopa |
| LC | Levodopa/carbidopa |
| LCE | Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone |
| LD | Levodopa |
| LD/CD | Levodopa/carbidopa |
| LID | Levodopa-induced dyskinesia |
| LRRK2 | Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene |
| LS | Least squares |
| LSM | Least-squares mean |
| LSMD | Least squares mean difference |
| LTCF | Long-term care facility |
| LY | Life year |
| MAD | Multiple ascending dose |
| MAO | Monoamine oxidase |
| MAO-B | Monoamine oxidase B |
| MAOB | Monoamine oxidase type B |
| MAOBI | Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor |
| MAR | Missing at random |
| MCGI-I | Modified Clinical Global Impression-Improvement |
| MCGI-S | Modified Clinical Global Impression-Severity |
| MCI | Mild cognitive impairment |
| MCIC | Minimal clinically important change |
| MCID | Minimal clinically important difference |
| MCS | Mental component summary score |
| MDS | International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society |
| MDS-UPDRS | Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale |
| MDS-UPDRS-III | Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III |
| ME | Motor Examination (MDS-UPDRS Part III) |
| MF | Motor fluctuations |
| mITT | Modified intention to treat |
| MMRM | Mixed model for repeated measures |
| MMSE | Mini-Mental State Examination |
| MNAR | Missing not at random |
| MoCA | Montreal Cognitive Assessment |
| mPFC | Medial prefrontal cortex |
| MRHD | Maximum recommended human dose |
| MS | Multiple sclerosis |
| MSN | Medium spiny neuron |
| n-αsyn | Neuronal alpha-synuclein |
| NCT | ClinicalTrials.gov identifier |
| NDA | New Drug Application |
| NDC | National Drug Code |
| NHS | National Health Service |
| NICE | National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |
| NMA | Network meta-analysis |
| NMS | Non-motor symptoms |
| NMSS | Non-Motor Symptoms Scale |
| NNEH | Number needed to exhibit harm |
| NS | Not significant |
| NSD-ISS | Neuronal alpha-synuclein disease integrated staging system |
| OAT | Organic anion transporter |
| OATP | Organic anion transporting polypeptide |
| OCT | Organic cation transporter |
| OH | Orthostatic hypotension |
| OLE | Open-label extension |
| ONG | On time without dyskinesia or with nontroublesome dyskinesia (good on time) |
| OOP | Out-of-pocket |
| OPC | Opicapone |
| OR | Odds ratio |
| OSDMT | Oral Symbol Digit Modality Test |
| P-gp | P-glycoprotein |
| PBO | Placebo |
| PBTY | Year on potentially beneficial therapy |
| PCS | Physical component summary score |
| PD | Parkinson's disease |
| PDP | Parkinson's disease psychosis |
| PDP + D | Parkinson's disease psychosis with incident dementia |
| PDQ-39 | 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire |
| PDQ-8 | 8-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire |
| PDQ-SI | Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire Summary Index |
| PGI-I | Patient Global Impression-Improvement |
| PGI-S | Patient Global Impression-Severity |
| PGIC | Patient Global Impression of Change |
| PK | Pharmacokinetics |
| pLD/pCD | Foslevodopa/foscarbidopa |
| PMM | Pattern mixture model |
| PN | Peripheral neuropathy |
| PPMI | Parkinson's Precision Medicine Initiative |
| PPPY | Per patient per year |
| PSS | Personal social services |
| PWC-20 | Physician Withdrawal Checklist |
| PWP | Person with Parkinson's disease |
| QALY | Quality-adjusted life year |
| QD | Once daily |
| QL | Quality of life |
| QoL | Quality of life |
| QRS | QRS complex duration (ventricular depolarization) |
| QT | QT interval |
| QTc | Corrected QT interval |
| QTcF | QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula |
| QUIP | Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease |
| QUIP-RS | Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale |
| RBD | REM sleep behavior disorder |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| REM | Rapid eye movement |
| REP | Rochester Epidemiology Project |
| RR | Relative risk; risk ratio |
| SAA | Seed amplification assay |
| SAD | Single ascending dose |
| SAE | Serious adverse event |
| SBP | Systolic blood pressure |
| SC-APO | Subcutaneous apomorphine |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SE | Standard error |
| SEK | Swedish krona |
| SI | Suicidal ideation; summary index |
| SMWQ | Study Medication Withdrawal Questionnaire |
| SN | Substantia nigra pars compacta |
| SNCA | Alpha-synuclein gene |
| SNr | Substantia nigra pars reticulata |
| SoC | Standard of care |
| SPECT | Single-photon emission computed tomography |
| SPN | Spiny projection neuron |
| STN | Subthalamic nucleus |
| SUCRA | Surface under the cumulative ranking curve |
| SynNeurGe | Synuclein, neurodegeneration, and genetics classification |
| t1/2 | Elimination half-life |
| TEAE | Treatment-emergent adverse event |
| UGT | UDP-glucuronosyltransferase |
| UI | Uncertainty interval |
| UPDRS | Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale |
| US | United States |
| USD | United States dollars |
| USP | United States Pharmacopeia |
| VAS | Visual analog scale |
| VHA | Veterans Health Administration |
| WAC | Wholesale acquisition cost |
| WMD | Weighted mean difference |
| ZBI | Zarit Burden Interview |