Name: Juvmo (tavapadon) in Parkinson's disease: On-demand therapies
Published: 2026-09-27T21:44:59-04:00

Product information and disease description Place of product in therapy Approaches to treatment Current treatment options and standard of care

On-demand therapies

5 evidence topics · 4 sources

Evidence for intermittent apomorphine as rescue therapy

“There is insufficient evidence to support the use of apomorphine sublingual film and apomorphine subcutaneous pen (intermittent) as a rescue medication for off‐medication episodes in patients with PD.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Both treatments improved the off‐medication state to a good on‐medication state within 15–40 min, as measured by the MDS‐UPDRS‐III.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Intermittent apomorphine injections: evidence-based review conclusion

“Intermittent injections of the DA apomorphine are “clinically useful” for motor fluctuations, particularly for OFF periods that require rapid reversal.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Inhaled levodopa for off episodes

“There was a significant difference from placebo for the 84 mg dose of − 3.9 points (p < 0.01) in favour of active drug and the proportion of participants achieving a full ON-state after 60 min was 58% in the 84 mg treatment group compared to 36% in the placebo arm (odds ratio of 2.65 and 95% confidence interval of [1.48;4.76], p < 0.01)” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Discontinuation rates ranged from 15.0% to 30.8% of participants treated with inhaled levodopa in the SPAN-PD trial and its open-label 12-month extension study” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Sublingual apomorphine for off episodes

“The trial found a significant difference of − 7.6 points favouring sublingual apomorphine over placebo at 30 min post-dosing and a statistically significant difference of − 3.4 points was already observed at 15 min” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Oropharyngeal mucosal irritation occurred in 31% of patients treated with apomorphine and led to treatment discontinuation in 17%.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Despite its efficacy sublingual apomorphine has not been commercially successful in the US market where it is currently no longer available.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Rescue therapies omitted from the evidence-based review

“First, rapid‐release (dispersible/soluble) oral levodopa is still among the most frequently prescribed off‐rescue medication.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Inhaled levodopa is not mentioned either in the MDS review,” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“although the criteria set forth by the authors appear to qualify consideration of the pivotal study demonstrating its efficacy to significantly reduce motor fluctuations.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)