Product information and disease description Place of product in therapy Disease description Burden of Parkinson's disease

Economic impact of Parkinson's disease on families

7 evidence topics · 5 sources

Care partner productivity losses in the United States

“Among the total indirect and non-medical costs of $26.5 billion, nearly $20 billion was attributed to PWPs and more than $6.5 billion was due to PD-related productivity losses among unpaid care partners.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“For the care partners, on-the-job productivity loss due to absenteeism and presentism surpassed that of PWPs because care partners on average were younger and more likely to be employed (13% employed among PWPs vs. 28% employed among primary and 66% among secondary, care partners).” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Care partner cost components per person with Parkinson's disease

Cost component	Care partner loss, million $	Care partner loss per PWP, $
Reduced employment	“802”	“773”
Absenteeism	“3,655”	“3,524”
Presenteeism	“1,684”	“1,623”
Social productivity loss in volunteer work	“410”	“396”

Direct and indirect costs of working-age caregivers in the 5 years after diagnosis

“A total of 1211 eligible Parkinson's caregivers (mean age, 56 years; 54% female) were matched to 6055 controls.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“In adjusted analyses, Parkinson's caregivers incurred significantly higher year 1 total all‐cause insurer costs ($8999 vs $7117) and medical costs ($7081 vs $5568) (both P < 0.01) and higher prescription costs (range for years 1‐5, $2506‐2573 vs $1405‐$1687) and total out‐of‐pocket costs ($1259‐1585 vs $902‐$1192) in years 1‐5 (all P < 0.01).” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Parkinson's caregivers had significantly higher adjusted indirect costs in years 1‐3 (range for years 1‐3, $2054‐$2464 vs $1681‐$1857; all P < 0.05) and higher cumulative income loss over 5 years ($5967 vs $2634 by year 5; P for interaction = 0.03).” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Caregiving hours and work loss reported in prior literature

“These indirect costs are substantial among caregivers, and approximately 30%‐40% of the total indirect costs associated with PD are attributable to lost earnings by caregivers and patients as well as hours required for caregiving.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“More than 25% of caregivers spend more than 70 hours per week caring for PD patients.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Furthermore, a reported 26% of PD caretakers had to reduce or give up work, and 30.4% reported that their finances worsened as a result of caregiving.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Caregiver burden and workforce participation among United States family caregivers

“This sample reported significant caregiver burden (mean=40.2, SD=13.6), with 92.5% scoring above 17 which indicates high caregiver burden.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“In this sample of 40, many described being unable able to afford formal caregivers and discussed the decision to cut their own work hours or leave the workforce (e.g., retire) to provide the needed care themselves.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Risk factors for caregiver burden

“Forty-nine articles that involved 5387 caregivers of patients with PD were included in this study.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“All scales revealed caregivers of PD patients had mild to moderate caregiver burden. For the PD patients with longer disease duration, severer disease severity, more negative emotion and cognition impairment, their caregivers intended to have higher caregiver burden.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Thirty-eight were cross-sectional studies, and eleven were clinic trails.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“As the included articles had a great deal of clinical heterogeneity in terms of participants, statistical methods and measurement tools. The results of systematic review were described by qualitative analysis.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Caregiver spent 6.1 ± 4.5 h per day and 8.1 ± 4.9 years on caregiving.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“Sixty-four per cent (1465/2264) of patients were in H&Y stage ≤ 2.5, and thirty-two per cent (729/2264) had H&Y stage ≥ 3.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“All of these studies indicated a higher CB in both patients and caregivers with depression and anxiety.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“The caregiver burden was not improved after deep brain stimulation (DBS).” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)

Care partner burden and good ON-time in advanced Parkinson's disease

“Care partner burden, as measured by the ZBI, did not significantly change with incremental increases in 'good ON-time' (regression coefficient − 0.74; 95% CI [− 2.08 to 0.60]; p = 0.276; Table 3).” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)
“However, completed ZBI data were available for only 183 care partners, representing 22.8% of the total care partner population.” (opens the source at this quote in a new tab)